Subtracting Integers Explained

Subtracting integers is easiest when you turn it into addition. Use the Keep–Change–Change rule: keep the first number, change subtraction to addition, and change the second number to its opposite. Then you’re just adding integers.

$$$a−b=a+(−b)$$$

How It Works

Step 1

Keep the first number.

Copy the first integer exactly as it is. Do not change its sign.

$$8−(−3)$$

Step 2

Change the subtraction sign to addition.

Replace the minus sign with a plus sign.

$$8−(−3)→8+(−3) $$

(for now)

Step 3

Change the second number to its opposite (flip the sign).

Take the opposite of the number being subtracted.

$$8+(−3)→8+3$$

Step 4

Now add the integers.

Now it’s an addition problem.

$$8+3=11$$

Try These Examples

Solve: $-6–4$

$$−6−4=−6+(−4)=−10$$

Watch Out

Common Mistake

Mistake 1: Flipping the wrong sign

Only the second number changes sign. The first number stays the same.

Correct:

$$−6−4=−6+(−4)=−10$$

Mistake 1: Flipping the wrong sign

Only the second number changes sign. The first number stays the same.

Correct:

$$−6−4=−6+(−4)=−10$$

Keep Practicing

Try these related worksheets to build fluency and confidence.